Affirmation of Monotheism and Refutation of Shirk: A Research and Analytical Study of Polytheistic Beliefs in the Context of Haqqānī's Tafsīr and Bayān-ūl-Qurān

اثباتِ توحید اور ابطالِ شرک: تفسیرِ حقانی اور بیان القرآن کے تناظر میں مشرکانہ عقائد کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

The concept of Tawhēd (Oneness of Allah) and the rejection of Shirk (polytheism) are central themes in Islamic theology. This research delves into the intellectual and scriptural arguments presented in the Qurān to establish Tawhēd and refute Shirk, with a particular focus on the interpretations provided by Allāma Haqānī and Maūlānā Ashraf Alī Thānvī in their respective tafsīrs, Tafsīr Haqānī and Baŷān ūl-Quraān. The study examines the false beliefs of the polytheists of Arabia, such as idol worship, the attribution of divine qualities to created beings, and the distortion of religious practices. The research highlights how the Qurān systematically dismantles these false beliefs through rational and textual evidence. It also explores the historical context of idol worship in Arabia, tracing its origins to figures like Amr ibn ē Lūhay, and how the Quranic revelations addressed these corrupt practices. The findings underscore the Qurān's emphasis on pure monotheism and its rejection of all forms of polytheism, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding Islamic theology.