متنِ قرآن کی حفاظت: زبانی ترسیل اور کتابی نسخوں کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Abstract

The preservation of the Qur'anic text holds immense significance in Islamic tradition, ensuring the authenticity and consistency of its message across generations. This study explores the historical and methodological aspects of the Qur'an’s preservation, focusing on two primary means: oral transmission (Hifẓ) and written documentation (Rasm). Oral transmission (Hifẓ) has played a critical role in safeguarding the Qur'anic text since its revelation, with the Prophet Muhammad's Companions memorizing and transmitting the text accurately through rigorous methods. Alongside this, the compilation and standardization of the written Qur'anic manuscript under the Caliphs, particularly Uthman ibn-e Affan (R.A), marked a significant milestone in preserving the Qur'an. This article critically examines the processes of Hifẓ and Rasm, highlighting their complementary roles in maintaining the integrity of the Qur'an. By exploring historical accounts, scholarly debates, and the influence of early Islamic calligraphy on manuscript preservation, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how both oral and written traditions contributed to the Qur'an’s authenticity. Moreover, the research delves into the transmission chain, the role of Qur'anic reciters (qurrā’), and the impact of codification on the widespread accessibility of the text. Through this analysis, the study underscores the unparalleled accuracy of the Qur'an’s preservation over time, which has ensured the uniformity of its recitation and script across diverse Islamic communities.