Human Rights in Islam

Abstract

Islam presents a comprehensive, divinely ordained system of human rights aimed at safeguarding human dignity, justice, equality, and social harmony. This study examines the concept of human rights in Islam through an analytical and descriptive approach, drawing upon primary Islamic sources, including the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), as well as relevant scholarly literature. The paper explores the theological foundation of human rights as a Divine Trust (Amānah), emphasizing accountability before Allah and the moral obligation to uphold justice and prevent oppression. It analyzes key rights guaranteed by Islam, such as the right to life, equality, justice, freedom of religion, and the rights of women, children, parents, neighbors, the poor, workers, and minorities. The study also highlights the practical implementation of these rights through the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), particularly his Farewell Sermon, which serves as a universal charter of human rights. The findings demonstrate that Islamic human rights are universal, permanent, and balanced, harmonizing individual freedoms with social responsibilities. The paper concludes that reviving authentic Islamic teachings and promoting awareness can play a vital role in addressing contemporary human rights challenges and fostering a just, peaceful, and compassionate society.